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The military history of the United States spans a period of over two centuries. During those years, the United States evolved from a new nation fighting Great Britain for independence (1775–83), through the monumental American Civil War (1861–65) and, after collaborating in triumph during World War II (1941-1945), to the world's sole remaining superpower of the late 20th century and early 21st century.〔John Whiteclay Chambers, ed., ''The Oxford Guide to American Military History'' (1999)〕 The Continental Congress in 1775 established the Continental Army and named General George Washington its commander. This newly formed army, along with state militia forces, and the French army and navy, defeated the British in 1781. The new Constitution in 1789 made the president the commander in chief, with authority for the Congress to levy taxes, make the laws, and declare war.〔Jeremy Black, ''America as a Military Power: From the American Revolution to the Civil War'' (2002)〕 As of 2015, the U.S. military consists of an Army, Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps under the command of the United States Department of Defense. There also is the United States Coast Guard, which is controlled by the Department of Homeland Security. The President of the United States is the commander in chief, and exercises the authority through the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, which supervises combat operations. Governors have control of each state's Army and Air National Guard units for limited purposes. The president has the ability to federalize National Guard units, bringing them under the sole control of the Department of Defense.〔Fred Anderson, ed. ''The Oxford Companion to American Military History'' (2000)〕 ==Colonial wars (1620–1774)== (詳細はNative American tribes but also to resist possible raids by the small military forces of neighboring European colonies. They relied on the British regular army and navy for any serious military operation.〔Spencer C. Tucker, James Arnold, and Roberta Wiener eds. ''The Encyclopedia of North American Colonial Conflicts to 1775: A Political, Social, and Military History'' (2008) (excerpt and text search )〕 In major operations outside the locality involved, the militia was not employed as a fighting force. Instead the colony asked for (and paid) volunteers, many of whom were also militia members.〔James Titus, ''The Old Dominion at War: Society, Politics and Warfare in Late Colonial Virginia'' (1991)〕 In the early years of the British colonization of North America, military action in the thirteen colonies that would become the United States were the result of conflicts with Native Americans, such as in the Pequot War of 1637, King Philip's War in 1675, the Yamasee War in 1715 and Father Rale's War in 1722. Beginning in 1689, the colonies became involved in a series of wars between Great Britain and France for control of North America, the most important of which were Queen Anne's War, in which the British conquered French colony Acadia, and the final French and Indian War (1754–63) when Britain was victorious over all the French colonies in North America. This final war was to give thousands of colonists, including Virginia colonel George Washington, military experience which they put to use during the American Revolutionary War.〔Fred Anderson, ''The War That Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War'' (2006)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Military history of the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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